Thursday, March 01, 2012

Glossary Form 2


Glossary
Mohd Hanafiah B Said

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W |




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Absorption
Penyerapan
Uptake of fluid and solutes by living cells and tissues
Acid rain
Hujan asid
Rain formed when gases such as sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen dissolve in it
Active metal
Logam aktif
A metal that reacts actively like aluminium, magnesium and zinc
Air pressure
Tekanan udara
The weight of air above any part of the Earth
Alimentary canal
Salur penghantaran
The tube in the body that takes food through the mouth to the anus
Alkaline substance
Bahan beralkali
Substance that releases hydroxyl ions (OH-) in solution; alkaline solution has a pH more than 7
Amphibian
Amfibia
A vertebrate animal that can live on land and in water
Anode
Anod

In an electrochemical cell, the anode is the positively charged electrode to which the anions of the solution move to give up their extra electrons
Anus
Dubur
The part of the body from which faeces leave the body
Appendix
Umbai usus
A small hollow worm-like structure attached to the large intestine
Aquatic
Akuatik
Relating to water, such as lakes and seas
Astigmatism
Astigmatisme
Difficulty in seeing clearly that is caused by the irregular curvature of the cornea



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Balanced diet
Gizi seimbang
A diet which includes different types of food substances in the right proportions and quantities
Balance in nature
Keseimbangan alam
State of the environment not having any disturbances
Base area
Luas tapak
Area occupied by a body
Bile
Jus hempedu
A thick greenish-yellow alkaline solution produced by liver and stored in a small pouch, called the gall bladder
Biological control
Kawalan biologi
A method of controlling pests (small insects that harm or destroy crops) by using other insects, birds or animals to kill them
Blind spot
Bintik/titik buta
The point in the eye, which is not sensitive to light
Boiling
Pendidihan
The change from a liquid to a gas at its boiling point
Boiling point
Takat didih
The temperature at which a substance changes from the liquid state to the gaseous state
Buoyancy
Keapungan
The ability of an object to float


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Calorific value
Nilai kalori
A unit for measuring the amount of energy a particular food can produce
Carbon cycle
Kitar karbon
The circulation of carbon compounds in nature by the various life (metabolic) processes of many organisms
Cathode
Katod
The negatively charge electrode of an electrochemical cell to which cations travel and gain electrons
Center of gravity
Pusat graviti
Point of  balance of an object or a point where the weight of an object acts on it
Chitin
Kitin
A nitrogen-containing polysaccharide found in some animals and the cell walls of most fungi
Chlorination
Pengklorinan
The process of adding chlorine to water to kill microorganisms
Cochlea
Koklea
The part of the inner ear concerned with hearing
Community
Komuniti
A group of many different populations of organisms that interact with one another
Competition
Persaingan
The struggle between organisms for the limited resources in a habitat
Concave lens
Kanta cekung
A lens which is thinner in the middle than the edge
Concentrated acid
Asid pekat
Acid which has a high concentration 
Concentrated alkali
Alkali pekat
Alkali which has a high concentration
Concentration
Kepekatan
The quantity of a substance (called the solute) dissolved in a fixed amount of liquid (the solvent) to form a solution
Concentration solution
Larutan pekat
Solution containing high amount of solutes dissolved in it
Conservation
Pemuliharaan
The act of preserving natural resources
Constipation
Sembelit
The condition of finding it difficult to empty your bowels
Consumer
Pengguna
An organism that obtains food by eating other organisms
Convex lens
Kanta cembung
A lens which is thicker in the middle than the edge
Corrosive
Mengakis
Having a property such as to destroy or causing holes in a material
Cuticle
Kutikel
An outer layer of hard skin, especially around the base of your nails


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Decomposer
Pengurai
Any organism that breaks down dead organic material
Defecation
Penyahtinjaan
The elimination of indigestible substances (faeces) through the anus by contraction of the muscular walls of the rectum
Deforestation
Penebangan hutan
The process of clearing the forest
Density
Ketumpatan
The mass per unit volume of substance

Dicotyledon
Dikotiledon
Class of flowering plants having seeds with two cotyledons (seed leaves)
Diffusion
Resapan
The process by which molecules move from a highly concentrated area to a less concentrated area
Digestion
Penghadaman
The breaking down of large food particles into smaller ones for easy absorption
Dilute acid
Asid cair
Acid which is low in concentration or has more water in it
Dilute alkali
Alkali cair
Alkali which is low in concentration or has more water in it
Dilute solution 
Larutan cair
Solution containing low amount of solute
Discharge
Nyahcas
Change of an ion to its element on an electrode during the electrolysis process
Distance
Jarak
The measurement of how far an object has travelled along a particular path
Distillation
Penyulingan
A process to separate a liquid from a solution by heating the solution until it boils and condensing the vapour that forms liquid
Domestic uses
Penggunaan domestik
Usage in a family or a house
Domestic waste
Bahan buangan domestik
Waste materials such as rubbish discharged  from houses or residences



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Eardrum
Gegendang telinga
A tight thin skin inside the ear which allows you to hear sounds
Ecosystem
Ekosistem
A biological community together with the associated abiotic environment
Electrolysis
Elektrolisis
The process of separating a liquid into its chemical parts by passing an electric current through it
Electrostatic force
Daya elektrostatik
Force formed due to friction of two separate things coming into contact
Endoskeleton
Rangka dalam
A hard skeleton buried within the soft tissues of an animal
Environment
Persekitaran
An organism’s physical and biological surroundings
Enzyme
Enzim
Any protein molecule that acts as a natural catalyst and is found in the body of bacteria, plants and animals
Evaporation
Penyejatan
The change from a liquid to a gas at any temperature below the boiling point
Exoskeleton
Rangka luar
The hard outer covering of the body of certain animals


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Fats
Lemak
A group of organic compounds that exist naturally and are called lipids
Fertiliser
Baja
A compound added to the soil to supply plants with elements needed for healthy growth
Fibre/roughage
Pelawas
A substance contained in some foods that helps the bowels movement
Filtration
Penurasan
A process used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid in a solid-liquid mixture
Flowering plant
Tumbuhan berbunga
Plants with flowers
Fluids
Cecair
A substance that flows, i.e. a liquid or a gas
Food chain
Rantai makanan
A pathway along which energy is transferred from one organism to another, beginning with producers
Food web
Siratan makanan
The interconnected food chains in an ecosystem
Force
Daya
Something such as a push or pull, that changes the size, shape or speed of an object
Freezing point
Takat beku
The temperature at which a substance changes from the liquid state to the solid state
Frictional force
Daya geseran
A force that opposes and slows down movement; it is produced by two surfaces that are in contact
Fulcrum
Fulkrum
The point on which a lever turns, balances or is supported in turning or lifting something


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Gall bladder
Pundi hempedu
The organ attached to the liver that serves as a storage organ for bile
Gas pressure 
Tekanan gas
The pressure exerted by the collison of gas particles against the wall of a container
Gravitational force
Daya graviti
The force of attraction of the Earth for solids, liquids and gasses
Geotropism
Geotropisme
Response of plants towards gravity
Greenhouse effect
Kesan rumah hijau
The phenomenon whereby the surface of the Earth is warmed due to atmospheric accumulation of carbon dioxide
Gut
Salur penghadaman
The alimentary canal in which food passes through when it leaves the stomach


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Habitat
Habitat
The natural place where an organism lives
Heat
Haba
Warmth or a form of energy which may be transferred by conduction, convection or radiation
Humidity
Kelembapan
The amount of water vapour in the atmosphere
Hydrochloric acid
Asid hidroklorik
An acid consisting of hydrogen and chlorine elements
Hydrostatic
Hidrostatik
The state of fluids (liquids and gases) in equilibrium
Hydrotropism
Hidrotropisme
Response of plants towards water




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Impurities
Bendasing
Parts of an almost pure substance that is of a lower quality
Industrial waste
Bahan buangan industri
Waste materials or sewage, such as chemical waste and acidic gases, that are discharged by factories
Insoluble
Tidak larut
Unable to dissolve in a liquid
Interaction
Interaksi
A process by which two or more things have an effect on each other and work together
Interdependence
Saling bersandaran
A situation in which people or things depend on each other
Invertebrate
Invertebrata
An animal without a backbone


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Large intestine
Usus besar
The lower part of the bowels, where food is changed into solid waste matter
Lever
Tuas
A simple machine that turns about a fixed point called a fulcrum (or pivot) when a force (the affect) overcomes a resisting force (the load)
Litmus paper
Kertas litmus
A purple dye found in lichens and is used as an indicator for acids and alkalis
Liver
Hati
A large organ in the body that functions as a gland by producing bile. The main functions of the liver are the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates and detoxification of blood.
Load
Beban
A material/body having weight

Long-sightedness
Rabun dekat
Able to see objects or read things clearly only when they are far from your eyes


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Magnetic force
Daya magnetik
The force of an attraction or repulsion produced by magnets on materials such as iron and steel
Magnitude
Magnitud
The absolute value (e.g. length) of a physical or mathematical quantity
Mammal
Mamalia
A vertebrate animal which feeds milk to its young
Medium
Bahantara
A substance through which a physical quantity (e.g. force, light) travels
Metal
Logam
An element which is generally shiny, malleable, ductile and conducts heat and electricity
Monocotyledon
Monokotiledon
Class of flowering plants having seeds with one cotyledon (seed leaves)
Monocular vision
Penglihatan monokular
Sight using one eye only





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Nastic movement
Pergerakan nastik
Response of plants towards touch which is not influenced by the direction of the stimulus
Neutralisation
Peneutralan
The reaction between an acid and an alkali to form a neutral solution
Non-flowering plant
Tumbuhan tidak berbunga
A plant without flowers
Nutritious food
Makanan berkhasiat
Food that contains the substances that the body needs


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Optical illusion
Ilusi optik
A picture or image that tricks the eyes and makes you see something that is not actually there
Organic solvent
Pelarut organik
Non-water based solvent
Oxygen cycle
Kitar oksigen
The circulation of oxygen in nature by various life (metabolic) processes of many organisms


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Parasitism
Parasitisme
A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits in term of growth and reproduction to the harm of the other species (host)
Periscope
Periskop
A long tube with mirrors fitted in it, used to look over the top of something, especially to see out of a submarine
Peristalsis
Peristalsis
The contraction of the muscles of the alimentary canal which pushes the food along
Pest
Perosak
A small animal or insect that destroys crops or food supplies
Pesticide
Pestisid
A chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops
Photosynthesis
Fotosintesis
The process by which green plants make food in the presence of light
Phototropism
Fototropisme
Response of  plants towards light

Point of equilibrium
Titik keseimbangan
A point where an object can be balanced
Pollution
Pencemaran
The process of making air, water, soil, etc. dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use
Population
Populasi
A group of individual of one species that live in particular area
Power
Kuasa
The quantity of works that done in one second
Preservation
Pemeliharaan
The degree to which something has remained unchanged or unharmed by weather, age, etc
Pressure
Tekanan
The pressure on a surface due to forces from another surface or from a fluid where the forces are acting 90o to the unit are of the surface
Prey-predator
Mangsa-pemangsa
Organism that is eaten as food (prey) by another organism (predator)
Primary consumer
Pengguna primer
An organism that eats only plants (herbivore)
Pyramid number
Piramid nombor
A representation of the numbers of organisms at different levels of a food chain, which forms a pyramid, greater numbers of organisms being present at the lower levels (e.g. producers) than at the higher levels (e.g. carnivores)
Producer
Pengeluar
An organism, particularly a plant, that make its own food


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Radioactive residue
Sisa radioaktif
Radioactive waste materials discharged from industries
Reabsorption
Penyerapan semula
To absorb again something that has already been absorbed
Receptor
Hujung saraf/Reseptor
A cell or organ that is specialised to receive and respond to a particular stimulus from outside or inside the body of an organism
Reflection
Pantulan
An image reflected in a mirror or similar surface
Refraction
Pembiasan
The bending of, most commonly, a light ray when it pass from one medium to another, e.g. air to water
Reptile
Reptilia
A vertebrate animal with a dry, scaly skin which lives on land
Residue
Sisa
The insoluble solid that remains in the filter during filtration
Response
Gerak balas
Something that is done as a reaction to a stimulus



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Saliva
Air liur
The liquid that is produced naturally in the mouth
Saturated solution
Larutan tepu
A solution which will not dissolve any more solute
Secondary consumer
Pengguna sekunder
Carnivore that eats herbivores
Sediment
Bahan mendapan
Solid matter that settles at the bottom of a liquid
Sensitivity
Kepekaan
Ability of an organism to be aware of the changes to the environment by using sense organs
Sewage
Bahan kumbahan
The mixture of waste from the human body and used water that is carried away from houses through pipes
Shell
Cengkerang
A hard outer part that covers or protects a nut, egg or seed and some types of animal
Short-sightedness
Rabun jauh
Inability to see objects clearly unless they are very close
Siphon
Sifon
A bent tube used for getting liquid out of a container, by holding the other end of the tube at a lower level than the container
Skeletal system
Sistem rangka
A support system in the form of hard bone or hard shell for living things
Skin
Kulit
An important organ which forms the outer covering of a vertebrate animal
Small intestine
Usus kecil
The long tube that food goes through after it has gone through the stomach
Solubility
Keterlarutan
The amount of solute (in gram) that can dissolve in 100 ml of solvent to form a saturated solution under specified conditions of temperature and pressure
Solute
Zat pelarut
A substance that dissolve in a solvent (liquid)
Solution
Larutan
A clear mixture made up of a solute dissolved in a solvent
Solvent
Pelarut
A liquid which can dissolve other substances (solute) to form a solution
Species
Spesis
A group of animals or plants which are all similar and can breed together to produce young animals or plants of the same kind
Species extinction
Kepupusan spesis
A situation in which a particular kind of animal, plant, etc no longer exists
Speed
Kelajuan
The distance travelled per unit time

Spray
Penyembur
An equipment used to spray liquids such as pesticides
Spring balance
Neraca spring
An equipment used to measure the weight of an object
Stability
Kestabilan
A condition where an object does not fall or topple over
Starch
Kanji
A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely glucose
Stereoscopic vision
Penglihatan stereoskopik
Ability to see objects in three dimensions; this is only possible when the two eyes have overlapping fields of view
Stimulus
Rangsangan
Something that causes a reaction in a plant or part of the body
Surface area
Luas permukaan
The area of the outside of an object that can be measured
Support system
Sistem sokongan
A system that supports a living thing to stand up straight
Suspension
Bahan terampai
A mixture formed when a solid does not dissolve in a liquid; the mixture is usually cloudy and the solid gradually settles to the bottom of the liquid
Symbiosis
Simbiosis
A relationship between organisms, usually from two different species live together  in a unique way; it may be beneficial, neutral or detrimental to one and/or the other species
Syringe
Picagari
An instrument for taking blood from someone's body or putting liquid, drugs, etc. into it, consisting of a hollow plastic tube and a needle


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Temperature
Suhu
A measure of how hot or cold an object is
Tertiary consumer
Pengguna tertier
A carnivore that eats other carnivores
Thigmotropism
Tigmotropisme
Response of plants towards touch that is influenced by the direction of the stimulus


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Universal indicator
Penunjuk universal/semesta
A mixture of indicator dyestuff that shows a gradual change in colour over a wide pH range. A typical formulation contains methyl orange, methyl red, bromothymol blue, and phenolphthalein and changes through red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet.
Universal solvent
Pelarut universal
Solvent that is able to dissolve many types of solutes


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Vertebrates
Vertebrata
Animals with backbones
Villus
Vilus
Small finger-like projections from the inner wall of small intestine
Volume
Isi padu
The space by which a substance or object occupies


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Water pollutant
Bahan cemar air
A substance that makes water dangerously dirty and is caused by cars, factories, etc.
Water purification plant
Loji pembersihan air
A place to clean river water or rainwater so that it is safe to be used
Water supply system
Sistem bekalan air
The water provided for a building or area, or the system of lake, pipes, etc. through which it flows
Work
Kerja
The product of the force applied and the distance moved


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