Absorption Penyerapan | Uptake of fluid and solutes by living cells and tissues |
Acid rain Hujan asid | Rain formed when gases such as sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen dissolve in it |
Active metal Logam aktif | A metal that reacts actively like aluminium, magnesium and zinc |
Air pressure Tekanan udara | The weight of air above any part of the Earth |
Alimentary canal Salur penghantaran | The tube in the body that takes food through the mouth to the anus |
Alkaline substance Bahan beralkali | Substance that releases hydroxyl ions ( |
Amphibian Amfibia | A vertebrate animal that can live on land and in water |
Anode Anod | In an electrochemical cell, the anode is the positively charged electrode to which the anions of the solution move to give up their extra electrons |
Anus Dubur | The part of the body from which faeces leave the body |
Appendix Umbai usus | A small hollow worm-like structure attached to the large intestine |
Aquatic Akuatik | Relating to water, such as lakes and seas |
Astigmatism Astigmatisme | Difficulty in seeing clearly that is caused by the irregular curvature of the cornea |
Balanced diet Gizi seimbang | A diet which includes different types of food substances in the right proportions and quantities |
Balance in nature Keseimbangan alam | State of the environment not having any disturbances |
Base area Luas tapak | Area occupied by a body |
Bile Jus hempedu | A thick greenish-yellow alkaline solution produced by liver and stored in a small pouch, called the gall bladder |
Biological control Kawalan biologi | A method of controlling pests (small insects that harm or destroy crops) by using other insects, birds or animals to kill them |
Blind spot Bintik/titik buta | The point in the eye, which is not sensitive to light |
Boiling Pendidihan | The change from a liquid to a gas at its boiling point |
Boiling point Takat didih | The temperature at which a substance changes from the liquid state to the gaseous state |
Buoyancy Keapungan | The ability of an object to float |
Calorific value Nilai kalori | A unit for measuring the amount of energy a particular food can produce |
Carbon cycle Kitar karbon | The circulation of carbon compounds in nature by the various life (metabolic) processes of many organisms |
Cathode Katod | The negatively charge electrode of an electrochemical cell to which cations travel and gain electrons |
Center of gravity Pusat graviti | Point of balance of an object or a point where the weight of an object acts on it |
Chitin Kitin | A nitrogen-containing polysaccharide found in some animals and the cell walls of most fungi |
Chlorination Pengklorinan | The process of adding chlorine to water to kill microorganisms |
Cochlea Koklea | The part of the inner ear concerned with hearing |
Community Komuniti | A group of many different populations of organisms that interact with one another |
Competition Persaingan | The struggle between organisms for the limited resources in a habitat |
Concave lens Kanta cekung | A lens which is thinner in the middle than the edge |
Concentrated acid Asid pekat | Acid which has a high concentration |
Concentrated alkali Alkali pekat | Alkali which has a high concentration |
Concentration Kepekatan | The quantity of a substance (called the solute) dissolved in a fixed amount of liquid (the solvent) to form a solution |
Concentration solution Larutan pekat | Solution containing high amount of solutes dissolved in it |
Conservation Pemuliharaan | The act of preserving natural resources |
Constipation Sembelit | The condition of finding it difficult to empty your bowels |
Consumer Pengguna | An organism that obtains food by eating other organisms |
Convex lens Kanta cembung | A lens which is thicker in the middle than the edge |
Corrosive Mengakis | Having a property such as to destroy or causing holes in a material |
Cuticle Kutikel | An outer layer of hard skin, especially around the base of your nails |
Decomposer Pengurai | Any organism that breaks down dead organic material |
Defecation Penyahtinjaan | The elimination of indigestible substances (faeces) through the anus by contraction of the muscular walls of the rectum |
Deforestation Penebangan hutan | The process of clearing the forest |
Density Ketumpatan | The mass per unit volume of substance |
Dicotyledon Dikotiledon | Class of flowering plants having seeds with two cotyledons (seed leaves) |
Diffusion Resapan | The process by which molecules move from a highly concentrated area to a less concentrated area |
Digestion Penghadaman | The breaking down of large food particles into smaller ones for easy absorption |
Dilute acid Asid cair | Acid which is low in concentration or has more water in it |
Dilute alkali Alkali cair | Alkali which is low in concentration or has more water in it |
Dilute solution Larutan cair | Solution containing low amount of solute |
Discharge Nyahcas | Change of an ion to its element on an electrode during the electrolysis process |
Distance Jarak | The measurement of how far an object has travelled along a particular path |
Distillation Penyulingan | A process to separate a liquid from a solution by heating the solution until it boils and condensing the vapour that forms liquid |
Domestic uses Penggunaan domestik | Usage in a family or a house |
Domestic waste Bahan buangan domestik | Waste materials such as rubbish discharged from houses or residences |
Eardrum Gegendang telinga | A tight thin skin inside the ear which allows you to hear sounds |
Ecosystem Ekosistem | A biological community together with the associated abiotic environment |
Electrolysis Elektrolisis | The process of separating a liquid into its chemical parts by passing an electric current through it |
Electrostatic force Daya elektrostatik | Force formed due to friction of two separate things coming into contact |
Endoskeleton Rangka dalam | A hard skeleton buried within the soft tissues of an animal |
Environment Persekitaran | An organism’s physical and biological surroundings |
Enzyme Enzim | Any protein molecule that acts as a natural catalyst and is found in the body of bacteria, plants and animals |
Evaporation Penyejatan | The change from a liquid to a gas at any temperature below the boiling point |
Exoskeleton Rangka luar | The hard outer covering of the body of certain animals |
Fats Lemak | A group of organic compounds that exist naturally and are called lipids |
Fertiliser Baja | A compound added to the soil to supply plants with elements needed for healthy growth |
Fibre/roughage Pelawas | A substance contained in some foods that helps the bowels movement |
Filtration Penurasan | A process used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid in a solid-liquid mixture |
Flowering plant Tumbuhan berbunga | Plants with flowers |
Fluids Cecair | A substance that flows, i.e. a liquid or a gas |
Food chain Rantai makanan | A pathway along which energy is transferred from one organism to another, beginning with producers |
Food web Siratan makanan | The interconnected food chains in an ecosystem |
Force Daya | Something such as a push or pull, that changes the size, shape or speed of an object |
Freezing point Takat beku | The temperature at which a substance changes from the liquid state to the solid state |
Frictional force Daya geseran | A force that opposes and slows down movement; it is produced by two surfaces that are in contact |
Fulcrum Fulkrum | The point on which a lever turns, balances or is supported in turning or lifting something |
Gall bladder Pundi hempedu | The organ attached to the liver that serves as a storage organ for bile |
Gas pressure Tekanan gas | The pressure exerted by the collison of gas particles against the wall of a container |
Gravitational force Daya graviti | The force of attraction of the Earth for solids, liquids and gasses |
Geotropism Geotropisme | Response of plants towards gravity |
Greenhouse effect Kesan rumah hijau | The phenomenon whereby the surface of the Earth is warmed due to atmospheric accumulation of carbon dioxide |
Gut Salur penghadaman | The alimentary canal in which food passes through when it leaves the stomach |
Habitat Habitat | The natural place where an organism lives |
Heat Haba | Warmth or a form of energy which may be transferred by conduction, convection or radiation |
Humidity Kelembapan | The amount of water vapour in the atmosphere |
Hydrochloric acid Asid hidroklorik | An acid consisting of hydrogen and chlorine elements |
Hydrostatic Hidrostatik | The state of fluids (liquids and gases) in equilibrium |
Hydrotropism Hidrotropisme | Response of plants towards water |
Impurities Bendasing | Parts of an almost pure substance that is of a lower quality |
Industrial waste Bahan buangan industri | Waste materials or sewage, such as chemical waste and acidic gases, that are discharged by factories |
Insoluble Tidak larut | Unable to dissolve in a liquid |
Interaction Interaksi | A process by which two or more things have an effect on each other and work together |
Interdependence Saling bersandaran | A situation in which people or things depend on each other |
Invertebrate Invertebrata | An animal without a backbone |
Large intestine Usus besar | The lower part of the bowels, where food is changed into solid waste matter |
Lever Tuas | A simple machine that turns about a fixed point called a fulcrum (or pivot) when a force (the affect) overcomes a resisting force (the load) |
Litmus paper Kertas litmus | A purple dye found in lichens and is used as an indicator for acids and alkalis |
Liver Hati | A large organ in the body that functions as a gland by producing bile. The main functions of the liver are the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates and detoxification of blood. |
Load Beban | A material/body having weight |
Long-sightedness Rabun dekat | Able to see objects or read things clearly only when they are far from your eyes |
Magnetic force Daya magnetik | The force of an attraction or repulsion produced by magnets on materials such as iron and steel |
Magnitude Magnitud | The absolute value (e.g. length) of a physical or mathematical quantity |
Mammal Mamalia | A vertebrate animal which feeds milk to its young |
Medium Bahantara | A substance through which a physical quantity (e.g. force, light) travels |
Metal Logam | An element which is generally shiny, malleable, ductile and conducts heat and electricity |
Monocotyledon Monokotiledon | Class of flowering plants having seeds with one cotyledon (seed leaves) |
Monocular vision Penglihatan monokular | Sight using one eye only |
Nastic movement Pergerakan nastik | Response of plants towards touch which is not influenced by the direction of the stimulus |
Neutralisation Peneutralan | The reaction between an acid and an alkali to form a neutral solution |
Non-flowering plant Tumbuhan tidak berbunga | A plant without flowers |
Nutritious food Makanan berkhasiat | Food that contains the substances that the body needs |
Optical illusion Ilusi optik | A picture or image that tricks the eyes and makes you see something that is not actually there |
Organic solvent Pelarut organik | Non-water based solvent |
Oxygen cycle Kitar oksigen | The circulation of oxygen in nature by various life (metabolic) processes of many organisms |
Parasitism Parasitisme | A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits in term of growth and reproduction to the harm of the other species (host) |
Periscope Periskop | A long tube with mirrors fitted in it, used to look over the top of something, especially to see out of a submarine |
Peristalsis Peristalsis | The contraction of the muscles of the alimentary canal which pushes the food along |
Perosak | A small animal or insect that destroys crops or food supplies |
Pesticide Pestisid | A chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops |
Photosynthesis Fotosintesis | The process by which green plants make food in the presence of light |
Phototropism Fototropisme | Response of plants towards light |
Point of equilibrium Titik keseimbangan | A point where an object can be balanced |
Pollution Pencemaran | The process of making air, water, soil, etc. dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use |
Population Populasi | A group of individual of one species that live in particular area |
Power Kuasa | The quantity of works that done in one second |
Preservation Pemeliharaan | The degree to which something has remained unchanged or unharmed by weather, age, etc |
Pressure Tekanan | The pressure on a surface due to forces from another surface or from a fluid where the forces are acting 90o to the unit are of the surface |
Prey-predator Mangsa-pemangsa | Organism that is eaten as food (prey) by another organism (predator) |
Primary consumer Pengguna primer | An organism that eats only plants (herbivore) |
Pyramid number Piramid nombor | A representation of the numbers of organisms at different levels of a food chain, which forms a pyramid, greater numbers of organisms being present at the lower levels (e.g. producers) than at the higher levels (e.g. carnivores) |
Producer Pengeluar | An organism, particularly a plant, that make its own food |
Radioactive residue Sisa radioaktif | Radioactive waste materials discharged from industries |
Reabsorption Penyerapan semula | To absorb again something that has already been absorbed |
Receptor Hujung saraf/Reseptor | A cell or organ that is specialised to receive and respond to a particular stimulus from outside or inside the body of an organism |
Reflection Pantulan | An image reflected in a mirror or similar surface |
Refraction Pembiasan | The bending of, most commonly, a light ray when it pass from one medium to another, e.g. air to water |
Reptile Reptilia | A vertebrate animal with a dry, scaly skin which lives on land |
Residue Sisa | The insoluble solid that remains in the filter during filtration |
Response Gerak balas | Something that is done as a reaction to a stimulus |
Saliva Air liur | The liquid that is produced naturally in the mouth |
Saturated solution Larutan tepu | A solution which will not dissolve any more solute |
Secondary consumer Pengguna sekunder | Carnivore that eats herbivores |
Sediment Bahan mendapan | Solid matter that settles at the bottom of a liquid |
Sensitivity Kepekaan | Ability of an organism to be aware of the changes to the environment by using sense organs |
Sewage Bahan kumbahan | The mixture of waste from the human body and used water that is carried away from houses through pipes |
Shell Cengkerang | A hard outer part that covers or protects a nut, egg or seed and some types of animal |
Short-sightedness Rabun jauh | Inability to see objects clearly unless they are very close |
Siphon Sifon | A bent tube used for getting liquid out of a container, by holding the other end of the tube at a lower level than the container |
Skeletal system Sistem rangka | A support system in the form of hard bone or hard shell for living things |
Skin Kulit | An important organ which forms the outer covering of a vertebrate animal |
Small intestine Usus kecil | The long tube that food goes through after it has gone through the stomach |
Solubility Keterlarutan | The amount of solute (in gram) that can dissolve in 100 ml of solvent to form a saturated solution under specified conditions of temperature and pressure |
Solute Zat pelarut | A substance that dissolve in a solvent (liquid) |
Solution Larutan | A clear mixture made up of a solute dissolved in a solvent |
Solvent Pelarut | A liquid which can dissolve other substances (solute) to form a solution |
Species Spesis | A group of animals or plants which are all similar and can breed together to produce young animals or plants of the same kind |
Species extinction Kepupusan spesis | A situation in which a particular kind of animal, plant, etc no longer exists |
Speed Kelajuan | The distance travelled per unit time |
Spray Penyembur | An equipment used to spray liquids such as pesticides |
Spring balance Neraca spring | An equipment used to measure the weight of an object |
Stability Kestabilan | A condition where an object does not fall or topple over |
Starch Kanji | A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely glucose |
Stereoscopic vision Penglihatan stereoskopik | Ability to see objects in three dimensions; this is only possible when the two eyes have overlapping fields of view |
Stimulus Rangsangan | Something that causes a reaction in a plant or part of the body |
Surface area Luas permukaan | The area of the outside of an object that can be measured |
Support system Sistem sokongan | A system that supports a living thing to stand up straight |
Suspension Bahan terampai | A mixture formed when a solid does not dissolve in a liquid; the mixture is usually cloudy and the solid gradually settles to the bottom of the liquid |
Symbiosis Simbiosis | A relationship between organisms, usually from two different species live together in a unique way; it may be beneficial, neutral or detrimental to one and/or the other species |
Syringe Picagari | An instrument for taking blood from someone's body or putting liquid, drugs, etc. into it, consisting of a hollow plastic tube and a needle |
Temperature Suhu | A measure of how hot or cold an object is |
Tertiary consumer Pengguna tertier | A carnivore that eats other carnivores |
Thigmotropism Tigmotropisme | Response of plants towards touch that is influenced by the direction of the stimulus |
Universal indicator Penunjuk universal/semesta | A mixture of indicator dyestuff that shows a gradual change in colour over a wide pH range. A typical formulation contains methyl orange, methyl red, bromothymol blue, and phenolphthalein and changes through red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet. |
Universal solvent Pelarut universal | Solvent that is able to dissolve many types of solutes |
Vertebrates Vertebrata | Animals with backbones |
Villus Vilus | Small finger-like projections from the inner wall of small intestine |
Volume Isi padu | The space by which a substance or object occupies |
Water pollutant Bahan cemar air | A substance that makes water dangerously dirty and is caused by cars, factories, etc. |
Water purification plant Loji pembersihan air | A place to clean river water or rainwater so that it is safe to be used |
Water supply system Sistem bekalan air | The water provided for a building or area, or the system of lake, pipes, etc. through which it flows |
Work Kerja | The product of the force applied and the distance moved |
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